It is widely recognised that different organisations have distinctive cultures. A commonly used definition of organisational culture is 'the way we see and do things around here'. Through tradition, history and structure, organisations build up their own culture. Culture therefore gives an organisation a sense of identity - 'who we are', 'what we stand for', 'what we do'. It determines, through the organisation's legends, rituals, beliefs, meanings, values, norms and language, the way in which 'things are done around here'.

 

人们已经普遍认识到，不同的组织有其各自不同的文化。组织文化最通用的定义是：“在组织里我们看待事物和做事情的方式”。通过传统、历史和结构，组织形成了他们自己的文化。因此，文化使一个组织有一种识别的意义——“我们是谁”、“我们代表着什麽”、“我们做什麽”。通过组织的传奇故事、各种仪式、信条、意义、价值观、典范和语言，组织文化决定了“一个组织里做事情的方式”。

Culture refers to an organization's values, beliefs, and behaviors. In general, it is concerned with beliefs and values on the basis of which people interpret experiences and behave, individually and in groups. Cultural statements become operationalized when executives articulate and publish the values of their firm which provide patterns for how employees should behave.

 

文化是指一个组织的价值观、信条、和行为。一般来说，它（指文化）与信条和价值观有关联，人们据此诠释个人和群体过去的经验和行为。当管理者清楚表达并公布企业的价值观，使其成为雇员必须遵守的行为模式时，文化陈述就变成实际操作。

 

Firms with strong cultures achieve higher results because employees sustain focus both on what to do and how to do it

 

有强势文化的企业会取得更高的成就，因为雇员会持续专注于“做什麽”和“如何去做”。

An organisations' culture encapsulates what it has been good at and what has worked in the past. These values can often be accepted without question by long-serving members of an organisation.

 

一个组织的文化囊括了什麽是其所擅长和在过去什麽凑效。这些价值观能够常常被那些为组织长期服务的成员无容置疑地所接受。

One of the first things a new employee learns is some of the organisation's legends - perhaps how the founder worked long hours and despised formal educational and training qualifications. Legends can stay with an organisation and become part of the established way of doing things. Perhaps the founder's views about the importance of education and training will stay current; in the course of time there may be a 'culture shift' as new managers move into the organisation and change the old ways. However, a number of legends continue to be important determinants of 'the way we do things around here'.

 

新雇员最先学到的东西之一就是组织的一些传奇故事——诸如其创立者如何长时间工作，以及轻视正规教育和培训资格。传奇故事会伴随着组织并成为做事情固有方式的一部分。也许创立者看待教育和培训的重要性会跟上潮流；在时间的过程中，当新的管理者进入到组织并改变其旧的方式时，就有可能出现“文化更迭”。但是，一些传奇故事仍将成为“在组织里做事情方式”的重要决定因素。

Over time the organisation will develop 'norms' ie. established (normal) expected behaviour patterns within the organisation.

一定时间，组织将树立起“典范”，即是在组织里规定的（常规的）所期望的行为范式。

A norm is an established behaviour pattern that is part of a culture.

典范是规定的行为范式，它是文化的一个部分。

A number of organisational culture types have been identified by researchers.

 

研究者们已经识别了一些组织文化的种类：

1. A power culture is one based on the dominance of one or a small number of individuals within an organisation. They make the key decisions for the organisation. This sort of power culture may exist in a small business or part of a larger business.

第一类、强权文化  组织里的一个或少数的个人处于强势。他们是组织重要决策的制定者。这一类型的文化存在于小的公司或较大公司的部门里。

2. A role culture exists in large hierarchical organisations in which individuals have clear roles (jobs) to perform which are closely specified. Individuals tend to work closely to their job description, and tend to follow the rules rather than to operate in a creative way.

第二类、角色文化 存在于等级森严的大型组织里，每个人按照自己清楚的角色（工作）去表现，严格的专业化。个人宁愿严格按照他们的工作描述和规章制度去工作，而不是有创造性地去操作。

3. In contrast task cultures exist when teams are formed to complete particular tasks. A distinct team culture develops, and because the team is empowered to make decisions, task cultures can be creative.

第三类、任务文化 与角色文化相反，任务文化存在于为完成特定的任务而组建的团队。形成一种独特的团队文化，并且因为团队有权做决定，所以，任务文化会有创造力。

4. A person culture is the most individualistic form of culture and exists when individuals are fully allowed to express themselves and make decisions for themselves. A person culture can only exist in a very loose form of organisation eg. an overseas sales person working on their own for a company, allowed to make their own decisions.

第四类、个人文化 是最突出的个人主义文化，允许个人充分表达自己的意见并为自己做决定。个人文化只能存在于那些松散型的组织，例如，受雇某公司的海外销售人员，他们独自工作，有权做出自己的决定。

 

从文化的作用效果上分类，公司文化可分为沮丧文化和激励文化。

 

Discouraging Culture: no shared values; lack of trust; blame culture; focus on problems, not opportunities; diversity is not celebrated; failures are not tolerated; people lose confidence in their leaders and systems.

 

沮丧文化：没有共同价值观；缺乏信任；批评文化；强调问题，而不是机会；不崇尚差异；不容忍失败；人们对领导和体制丧失信心。

 

Inspiring Culture：Corporate Culture Inspiring Creativity and Innovation and Encouraging People To Do Great Things

 

 

 

Do you want to encourage extraordinary performance from your people? Do you want them to do great things?

 

If yes, then you must create an inspiring corporate culture to inspire, empower and energize them.

 

你想不想鼓励你的人有超常规的表现？你想不想他们做大事？

 

如果答案是“肯定”，那麽你就必须创造一种激励文化去激励他们、给他们力量，使他们有能量。

 

 

Inspirational leaders create an inspiring culture within their organization.

 

激励型的领导在他们的组织中创造一种激励文化。

 

People are not led by plans and evaluations. If you want to move and get the best from your people, don't say "I have a strategic plan". You must create inspiration, self-respect, a sense of ownership and excitement.

 

人们不是被那些计划和评估领导。如果你想去推动你的人，获得最佳效果，就不要说“我有一个战略计划”。你必须创造出激情、自尊、归属感和激动之心。

 

Inspirational leaders breathe life, confidence and creativity into the organization. They supply a shared vision and inspire people to achieve more than they may ever have dreamed possible. People change when they are emotionally engaged and committed.

 

激励型领导给组织带来了活力、信心和创造力。他们提出了共同愿景并激励人们去实现比他们原来所梦想的更多的东西。当人们在情感上投入并有所托付（给组织）时，就会有改变。

 

Inspirational leaders create 'can-do' attitude and make business fun. They unlock inner power of their people and sustain their commitment. They inspire, energize and move people. They build corporate communities in which people feel valued, capable, confident and strong. They inspire team members to believe in the extraordinary work they can do together.

 

激励型领导创造“我能”的态度并使得经营成为有趣的事情。他们帮助人们释放出内在的动力，并使他们坚守承诺。他们激励人们，推动人们，给人们带来能量。他们营造公司里的群体，使人们感受到被重视，能力得以发挥，更自信更坚强。他们激励团队成员相信合作共事能够做出不平凡的工作。